My LLM dissertation focuses on the efficacy of Article V(1)(c) under the New York Convention towards resisting the enforceability of arbitral awards. My paper examines the following issues: (1) 'Ultra Petita' Awards; (2) 'Infra Petita' Awards; and (3) Partial Enforcement. It is followed by a conclusion on the provision's efficacy and recommendations towards improving its efficacy.

• Recognition • Enforcement • Execution • Substantive provisions o Enforcing state o Final award o Stay of enforcement o No review o Pecuniary obligations • Procedural provisions o Award notice o Federal courts • Non-ICSID awards o Reservations o BIT/MIT o More favourable provisions o ICSID v New York Convention o Enforcement procedure  Rules of procedure  List of documents  Refusal to enforce/recognise • State immunity • State immunity o Definitio...

• New York Convention o Key Features o Scope of Application • Article V – Fundamental Principles of Interpretation • Preventing Parties Resisting Enforcement • Article V(1)(a) – Invalidity of the Arbitration Agreement o Choice of law o Kompetenz-Kompetenz o Burden of proof • Article V(1)(a) – Parties’ Incapacity o Choice of law • Article V(1)(b) – Due Process o Proper notice o Unable to present his case o Choice of law • Article V(1)(c) – Excess of Manda...

• Substantive relief o Choice of law o Governing laws  National laws  Institutional rules o Limits to arbitrators’ remedial powers o Types of substantive relief  Monetary relief  Declaratory relief  Injunctive relief • Specific performance • Restitution • Rectification  Fill gaps/Adapt contract terms  Punitive/Exemplary damages • Interest o Arbitrators’ power to award interest o Simple vs Compound interest o Governing laws  Mandatory rules...

• Definition • Standards • National laws • Institutional rules • IBA Guidelines o Part 1 o Part 2 • Conflicts of interest • Procedure o Commencement of arbitration o During arbitration o After award/Annulment of award • Consequences o Before appointment o After appointment o After award • Challenges o National laws  Similarities  Differences o Institutional rules • Secretary

Treaty Breach Consequences – Sources of Law - Investment treaty provisions  Treaty provisions • War, armed conflict & insurrections • Monetary damages  No treaty provisions - Customary international law  Chorzow Factory case  ILC Draft Articles • Reparation - Restitution  Material v Juridical - Satisfaction  Declaration  In lieu of damages  No damages - Compensation  Valuation methods  Loss of profits  Moral damage  Causation  C...

Admission & Establishment of Foreign Investments - Terms - Models - Performance requirements - Prior approval/registration - National laws Promotion of Foreign Investments - Promote/Encourage - Create favourable conditions - Restrict economic measures Transfer of funds - Multilateral agreements - Scope of right to transfer funds - Types of permitted transfers - Convertability - Exceptions Prohibition of arbitrary/unreasonable/discriminatory measures - FET relationship - D...

Definition History Treaty practice Elevation circumstances o Restrictive interpretation o Effective interpretation o Camps analyses  - Parties’ intent  - Host state’s sovereign capacity  - Internationalisation  - Dispute resolution provisions Host state’s non-contractual obligations o Consensual/Contract-like o Specific promise o Regulatory regime Doctrine of privity o Claimant  - Local subsidiary  - Not local subsidiary o Respondent  - In...