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How many electrons can an s subshell hold? 2 How many electrons can a p subshell hold? 6 How many electrons can a d subshell hold? 10 Which subshells are available in the first energy level? s Which subshells are available in the second energy level? s and p Which subshells are available in the third energy level? s, p and d What is Hund's rule? Orbitals must all be singly filled before they can be doubly occupied Which elements do not fill the 4s subshell before the 3d sub...

What is a hypothesis? An Idea that you can test using practical experiments What are the Key features of a good hypothesis? A good Hypothesis must: Be able to be tested scientifically Relate one dependent variable to on independent variable What is a Null Hypothesis? States that there is no relationship or causality, for example, no relation between the temperature and the rate of reaction. What does qualitative data refer to? It refers to the appearance or value of something, such as...

Describe the function of the nucleolus Produces ribosomes and RNA Describe the function of the cell wall Provides rigidity and protection to the cell Describe the function of the chloroplasts Site of photosynthesis as they contain chlorophyll Describe the function of the plasmodesmata A channel through the cell wall the allows transport of materials from one cell to another Describe the function of the amyoplasts Stores starch and converts starch back into glucose when the plant need...

plasma membrane a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins (Phospholipid bilayer) that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm. Golgi apparatus A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell Vesicle Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell. Ribosomes site of protein synthesis - 70s in prokary...

exothermic reaction A reaction that releases more energy in the form of heatchemical energy the energy required to break or make bonds exothermic reaction A reaction that releases more energy in the form of heat what is the enthalpy change of an exothermic reaction negative endothermic reaction A reaction in which more energy is absorbed what is the enthalpy charge of an endothermic reaction positive what will happen to the enthalpy diagrams when a catalyst is added less activatio...

How many electrons can each orbital hold? Two How many electrons can be held in each sub shell? S - 2 P - 6 D - 10 F - 18 Put the sub shells in order do their energy, lowest to highest S, p, d and f How do we fill the p and d subshells singly first and then doubly What is an orbital? A region of space around the nucleus where there is a 95% chances of finding an electron What is the Aufbau principle? An electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it What ha...

What is the name of the process by which cells become specialized for a particular function from stem cells differentiation Explain what tissues are a collection of specialised cells Explain what an organ is a collection of tissues performing specific physiological functions what is the difference between to ribosomes in a prokaryote and a eukaryotic cell prokaryotes - 70s ribosome eukaryote - 80s ribosome Describe the function of the nucleolus Produces ribosomes and RNA Describe...

Define the amplitude of a wave The distance from the rest position to the top of the wave Define the period of a wave The time taken for one wavelength to pass a point Define the frequency of a wave The number of waves per second How many ms are in 1s? 1000 Define coherent light Coherent light has the same frequency/wavelength and is in phase Define a transverse wave The oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of travel Define a longitudinal wave The oscillations are pa...

What does multicellular mean?Many organisms are multi-cellular, meaning that they are made from billions of cells. Why is it important that cells within these organisms become specialised?It is important that cells within these organisms become specialised for different roles with particular functions. How are multi-cellular organisms organized?1-Specialised cells 2-Tissues 3-Organs 4- Organ systems 5- Organism Where are palisade mesophyll cells found? And what is the shape of the...

Ammonium NH4+ Atoms that gain electrons Negatively charged Atoms that lose electrons positively charged Aufbau Principle states electrons fill the orbital with the lowest available energy state in relation to the proximity in the nucleus before filling orbitals Carbonate CO3 2- Comparing strength of ionic bonds Ionic charge and ionic radius be considered e.g. MgF2 stronger than bonding NaF Magnesion ion smaller than sodium ion- greater charge Increase electrostatic attractio...