Lombroso Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Classical School - -- Influenced by Age of Enlightenment (cost/benefit) - Cesare Beccaria; normal, rational. Crime = immediate, certain, proportionate Biological Theory - -- Charles Darwin; theory of evolution and natural selection - Cesare Lombroso; "genetic throwback" "born criminals" "Positive School" of Criminology - -There are factors outside of individual control and free will that determines crime and behavior Biosocial Theories - --Genetic influence + biological harms - Diff...

What was the first prison designed to house sentenced offenders in the U.S. called? correct answers Walnut Street Jail How do correctional agencies fulfill their mission? I. By imprisoning offenders who receive a sentence of incarceration from the courts II. By assisting courts in the decision to grant bail III. By supervising offenders in the community under court jurisdiction correct answers I, II, III Which of the following statements is true of Walnut Street Jail? correct answers Pr...

What is social policy? Correct Answer Social policy consists of guidelines, principles, legislation and activities that affect the living conditions conducive of human welfare, such as their quality of life. What causes a change in social policies? Correct Answer Social policies change due to social change. An example of this could be the feminist movement. The feminist movement caused changes in policy so that women were able to vote, etc. Another example could be the death penalty. Policies...

criminal justice v. criminology correct answers addresses issue of crime through prevention, incapacitation, and rehabilitation v. process of making policies and study of actual crime to understand, define, prevent, and punish crime/deviance crime correct answers human conduct that violates criminal laws deviance correct answers human conduct that violates established social norms Who coined the term criminology? correct answers Raffaele Garofalo: study of crime as an individual a...

Problems with US Prison System correct answers -US incarcerates people at the highest rate in the world (rate of 700 as compared to Russia which is 575) -Higher immunodeficiency rate, higher elderly rate -America's prisons filled with poorer, darker, younger, less educated people -20% are incarcerated for drug crimes Good Time correct answers Rate of time of sentence earned for good behavior at a rate of half or more of their sentence becomes the viable option Three Strikes Law correct...

How does positive reinforcement explain criminal behaviour? Being praised for fighting or anti-social behaviour can cause us to have more criminal behaviour How does negative reinforcement explain criminal behaviour? We are likely to be aggressive and commit crimes if repeating that behaviour gets rid of something unpleasant. How does positive punishment prevent criminal behaviour? When criminals are giving a negative consequence for their actions, they are more likely to stop d...

Name genetic theories - Jacob et al-XYY Twin studies Adoption studies Name physiological theories - Lombroso's atavistic features Sheldon's somatotypes Outline what Jacob et al found - 15 per 1,000 in prison had XYY 1 per 1,000 in general population had XYY Strengths of XXY study - Jacob et al found significant number of men in prison had XYY chromosomes Adler et al: genetic factors may determine aggressive and violent behaviour Limitations of XYY study - Found genetic abnormalites w...

THEORIES OF CRIME (WJEC LEVEL 3 CRIMINOLOGY) ACTUAL EXAM xyy theory (jacobs) - CORRECT ANSWER-- xyy syndrome is where men have an extra y chromosome - xyy men are said to be more aggressive and violent - jacobs argued that this was true as xyy men are overrepresented in prison populations (15 per 1000 in prisons, 1 per 1000 in general population) twin studies (lange & christiansen) - CORRECT ANSWER-- is crime a heritable trait? - testing the concordance rates of criminal activity betw...

Lombroso's Theory - Answer- Criminals are born criminal with Atavistic Features which define if they are criminal or not. Criminals are a primative species which are not fully developed. Strengths of Lombroso's theory - Answer- Charles Goring (1913) found that criminals have low intelligence rates meaning that it is linked to genetics. Ceasare Lombroso is the father of modern criminology meaning that he has started criminology which helped made other people want to study it. A study...

Sociology Chapter 7 Exam Questions with Correct Answers What does the story about the conviction and imprisonment of Bruce Glover suggest about punishment in the United States? a. Crime truly does pay. b. Convicts can lose everything important to them while in prison and, after release, they often struggle to fit back into society. c. The U.S. criminal justice system truly rehabilitates criminals effectively. d. After you get out of prison, society welcomes you back with open arms. - ...