John Ruskin College • Applied Science

Light and Electron Micrographs What are Light and Electron Micrographs? Light: Also known as optical microscopy micrographs, it is equipment which is sued to view small objects and take pictures in black and white images. The light used is visible light. Its uses are to analyse live or dead samples, therefore, these images can be maximised up to 1000x their actual size. Specimens can be living or dead, but often need to be stained with a coloured dye to make them visible. Electron: The...

Cell Groups What are the Types of Cell Groups? There are two types of cell groups, therefore, these cell groups are: Eukaryote Cells: Eukaryote cells contain a nucleus as well as membrane bound organelles. The DNA in Eukaryote cells are organized into chromosomes and Eukaryote cells are known to be multicellular and even unicellular. Examples of Eukaryote cells are Animal Cells, Plant Cells, Fungi Cells and Protists Cells. Prokaryote Cells: These types of cells do not have a nucleus, nor a...

Gene Therapy What is Gene Therapy?: Gene Therapy is an experimental treatment, used to replace defective genes with a cloned and healthy version of the same gene. The aim of gene therapy is to replace faulty genes with a new gene, so it can forestall or prevent a certain disease from affecting and possibly killing the individual. Scientists have found a number of methods, for preventing diseases from thriving, which is mainly caused by the imperfect gene. For example, a commutation between th...

Chapter 1 Food Diseases and their Treatments Effects of Overeating and Overnutrition What is Overeating? An overeating disorder is when the person feels out of control of themselves and consumes too much food on a constant basis. This then makes them accumulate thousands of calories and suffer illnesses, for example, illnesses such as obesity, bingeing or diabetes. People, who suffer from overeating, seem to have an obsessive addiction to food and they use food as a way of dealing with negati...

Sickle Cell Anaemia What is Sickle Cell Anaemia? Sickle cell anaemia is a form of disease which originates from the sickle cell disease. It is known as a very serious condition because it affects the individual’s red blood cells. How affective is the condition? Sickle cell Anaemia is a very serious inherited condition. Symptoms of this condition are episodes of pain, tiredness, paleness, faintness and nausea. This is mainly due to the condition called Anaemia where the organs and muscles ...

Circulatory System What is the Circulatory System? The circulatory system involves our heart, lungs, arteries, vena cava, aorta, veins, capillaries and red blood cells. What is the role of the Circulatory System? The role of the circulatory system is to keep us alive by pumping blood around the body. Without any blood; we would be unable to receive oxygen and nutrients, which are carried by our red blood cells to the muscles; therefore, we would not be alive; due to our blood cells not carryin...

This study guide goes through all functions and systems of the body in very deep and explanatory detail.

What is the Respiratory System? The respiratory system; is the system that helps us to breathe. The main organ of this system, the lungs, is located inside of the thorax and is covers by the ribcage and muscular sheets. What is the Role of the Respiratory System? The role of the respiratory system is to take oxygen, for cellular respiration; while taking out wastes such as carbon dioxide. Another role of this system is to keep bring oxygen in, so that cell respiration takes place to give nutr...

What is the Renal System? The renal system, is also known as the uniary system, therefore, the renal system is a part of the two kinds of excretory systems, which rids bodily wastes and fluids. What is the Role of the Renal System? The role of the renal system is to send our blood though a filtration process, in order to cleanse the blood and get out the impurities which are created inside of our bodies. The impurities in the blood stream end up as typical urine, which is stored in our bladde...

What is the Immune System?: The immune system is normally described as a network organised into subsets which regulate, pass information back and forth and protect the whole body from microorganisms. These pathogens carry bacteria that invade and harm the functions of the body. For example, these guards of the body are known as the skin, cells lysozyme, lymphocytes (white blood cells), stomach acid antibiotics and vaccinations. The immune system is one the complicated but amazing systems of the...