Latest uploads at The University of Birmingham

Respiratory Cycle
Muscles of Respiration and Generation of Intrapleural Pressure

Ventilation and Perfusion Relationship
The relationship between ventilation and perfusion. Comparison between a perfect lung and a hyperventilated lung. The effects of gravity on the ventilation perfusion relationship in a normal lung, Including Pathologies

Neural Control of Breathing
Mechanoreceptors and pattern of breathing - Pulmonary stretch receptors, Lung-irritant receptors, Pulmonary C receptors /J receptors.

Flow Volume Loops
Bernoulli’s Principle, Reynolds Number & Turbulence and Equal Pressure Point

Disorders of Respiratory Control
Respiratory failure, Causes of hypoxia, Type 1 respiratory Failure, Consequence of systemic hypoxia (Central hypoxia, Renal hypoxia, Pulmonary hypoxia, Hypercapnia, Sleep Apnoea). Respiratory changes during sleep including Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Central Sleep Apnoea.

Neural Control of Breathing
Pontine Respiratory Group (PRG) and medullary respiratory centres involvement in inspiration and expiration in quiet breathing including higher brain centers

Chemical Control of Breathing
Modulation of neural rhythm with Peripheral and central chemoreceptors. Stimulus response of carotid body

Compliance in the Respiratory System
The relationship between elastance and compliance. Explanation of the lung compliance curve. Laplace’s Law and its effect on surface tension in the lungs. The functions of surfactant

Resistance in the Respiratory System
The effect of Poiseuille’s Law on the lungs and types of air flow. Measuring and determining airway resistance

Pulmonary Circulation
The function and characteristics of the pulmonary circulation. The effects of gravity on pulmonary circulation and capacitance. Vasoconstrictor influences on pulmonary circulation. Metabolic functions of pulmonary circulation