Bio 221 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Developed smallpox immunization using cowpox agent - Answer-Edward Jenner Sought a "magic bullet" to destroy pathogens & not host - Answer-Paul Ehrlich Discovered penicillin - Answer-Alexander Fleming Pioneered aseptic surgery, Prevented surgical infections by using mists of phenol - Answer-Joseph Lister Father of Epidemiology (Cholera in London) - Answer-John Snow Pioneered asepsis by discovering that hand washing prevented streptococcal infections in obstetric patients - Answer-Ignaz Sem...

Virulence: mycolic acid in cell wall causes slow growth, protection from lysis once bacteria are phagocytized, capacity for intracellular growth, resistance to Gram-staining, detergents, many antimicrobial drugs, and dessication - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Unique properties: grows very slowly, can live within macrophages, tuberculin skin test--positive when red swelling appears, BCG vaccine is used in countries w/ lots of TB cases, effective on 80% of children and 20-50% of adults, cord fact...

Virulence: mycolic acid in cell wall causes slow growth, protection from lysis once bacteria are phagocytized, capacity for intracellular growth, resistance to Gram-staining, detergents, many antimicrobial drugs, and dessication - Answer-Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Unique properties: grows very slowly, can live within macrophages, tuberculin skin test--positive when red swelling appears, BCG vaccine is used in countries w/ lots of TB cases, effective on 80% of children and 20-50% of adults, ...

An acid-fast pathogen; over one-third of the world's population is infected; caseous necrosis is a hallmark of disease; MDR, XDR, BCG, and DOTS apply to this organism. Mycobacterium tuberculosis The most common cause of non-nosocomial urinary tract infections, usually in women; also the cause of the life-threatening disease known as hemolytic uremic syndrome. Escherichia coli Brainpower Read More Causes a life-threatening disease in individuals experiencing crowded and stressful livin...

Developed smallpox immunization using cowpox agent Correct Answer-Edward Jenner Sought a "magic bullet" to destroy pathogens & not host Correct Answer-Paul Ehrlich Discovered penicillin Correct Answer-Alexander Fleming Pioneered aseptic surgery, Prevented surgical infections by using mists of phenol Correct Answer-Joseph Lister Father of Epidemiology (Cholera in London) Correct Answer-John Snow Pioneered asepsis by discovering that hand washing prevented streptococcal infection...

Carolus Linnaeus Correct Answer-system for naming plants and animals and grouping similar organisms together Carl Woese Correct Answer-o 3 Domains: Eukaryotes, Bacteria, Archaea o started sequencing rRNA, saw that 16S RNA has to be highly conserved, found that there are 3 domains of life o the phylogenetic tree is based on Woese's rRNA analysis Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Correct Answer-o made and looked through microscopes o Father of Microscopy Aristotle Correct Answer-spontaneous gene...

Who is the father of microscopy? Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Lamp: produces visible light to illuminate the specimen Condenser: collects light and directs it through the stage opening (converges or focuses the rays of light to a single point) Iris diaphragm: regulates the amount of light available to the objective lens Factors that affect microscope function: Resolving power, numerical aperture, magnification, working distance Resolving power: ability of a microscope to differentiate two ...

An interferon is Correct Answer-a protein released by virally infected human cells to trigger production of antivirals in neighboring cells These antibodies are commonly found in mucus and are the most abundant in our body Correct Answer-IgA antibodies These cells have many identical antibodies on their surface that recognize a particular antigen. When activated the cells differentiate and proliferate into memory cells as well as plasma cells, which secrete antibodies Correct Answer-B cell...

What is a semiautonomous organelle? Correct Answer-organelle with DNA which two organelles are semiautonomous? Correct Answer-mitochondria & chloroplasts what is the endosymbiotic theory? Correct Answer-explains how eukaryotic cells may have evolved from prokaryotic cells what are terms associated with bacterial flagellum? Correct Answer-filament, hook, rod, and rings what type of cell has the most peptidoglycan? Correct Answer-Gram + what is the structural part of the cell wall w...

MMBIO 221 Robison Final Questions with Complete Solutions