Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
The Tehran Conference
Answer: November 1943 First meeting of the \"Big Three\" Agreed that Britain and the USA would invade France to open up a second front USSR mount an offensive in the East against Germany USSR declare war on Japan once Germany was defeated United Nations set up
2.
The Yalta Conference
Answer: Feb 1945 Tensions grew between Churchill and Stalin Churchill and Roosevelt needed Stalins support if invading Japan The Allies agreed to divide Germany into 4 zones Stalin promised to allow free elections in Eastern Europe USSR would declare war on Japan 3 months after war with Germany Stalin allowed some polish gov members in exile to join new gov
3.
The Potsdam Conference
Answer: Germany de-militarised Nazi Party dissolved, trials for war crime in Nuremberg 1946 Germany pay reparations to USSR Beginning of the \'Cold War\' USSR gain land, Poland\'s frontier moved forward Stalin kept control of Eastern Europe (Iron Curtain)
4.
Iron Curtain Telegrams
Answer: 1946 Fulton, Missouri ; Churchill described, in a speech, the border between East West Europe as an \'Iron Curtain\' which was built by Stalin Stalin did this to create a buffer zone of Eastern Europe to protect the USSR against German invasion The Long Telegram - Kennan sent to Truman in 1946, reporting that Stalin was building up his army, aiming to destroy capitalism The Novikov Telegram - Novikov sent to Stalin saying the US was preparing for war, aiming to dominate the world
5.
Truman Doctrine
Answer: Announced in March 1947 by Harry Truman Offered to help any country being threatened around its own borders Did this due to UK gov not being able to support Greece Marshall Plan would control Marshall Aid Marshall Aid was grants of money offered by US to all European countries, US now had influence on these countries ($17,000,000,000)
6.
Soviet Reactions
Answer: COMINFORM - Established September 1947, Abolished 1956 - Purpose was to co-ordinate activities of Communist Parties in the world - Indicate how Stalin\'s foreign policies were to be followed COMECON - Jan 25th 1949 - Major drain on resources - Stalin offered aid to communist countries to recover from WW2
7.
Berlin Blockade
Answer: June 1948- May 1949 Stalin ordered that all traffic between West Germany and West Berlin be stopped Closed road, canal, rail routes but the West still entered through air Berlin Airlift lasted 10 1/2 months ; 4,000 tonnes needed per day, 1 plane landed every 90 seconds Stalin felt the West had broken Potsdam agreements Distrust between USA & USSR was now clear for the world to see Western zones of Berlin suffered before airlifts NATO
8.
Warsaw Pact
Answer: 1955 - If one country within the pact was attacked, the others would come to its aid, created a counter balance to NATO Strengthened and increased USSR - Soviet Communist control Led To : - Khrushchev stationing more soviet troops there - Joint command of the armed forces created satellite states
9.
Sputnik
Answer: Launched by a Soviet Rocket in 1957 US saw it as s a military threat, thought USSR were overtaking them in the arms race US increased training programmes for engineers and scientists US Air- force increased no. of B-52 bombers US Navy equipped some submarines with nuclear weapons Placed missile bases in West Germany No direct conflict between USA & USSR due to Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)
10.
Khrushchev\'s Berlin Ultimatum
Answer: 1958- Decided to give USA 6 months to withdraw from Berlin, should be a neutral, free city, otherwise breaking Potsdam agreements Geneva, May 1959 - talks at summit meeting, no solution agreed September 1959, Camp David - Khrushchev & Eisenhower met, no solution ; Khrushchev withdrew, gave 6-month ultimatum Paris May 1960- USSR shot USA spy plane, Khrushchev walked out and Eisenhower refused to apologise Vienna Conference, June 1961- no will to back down, gave ultimatum again
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