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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
Describe the process of Gram staining
Answer: 1. first apply crystal violet -> all cells become purple 2. add Iodine -> all cells stay purple 3. decolorize with alcohol and wash with water -> gram stays purple, gram- become uncolored 4. Apply safranin -> gram are purple, gram- are pink
2.
What are pathogens?
Answer: organisms that infect humans and cause illness in them.
3.
What is a mutualistic relationship?
Answer: This is a relationship where the pathogen needs the host to survive and the host benefits from the presence of the pathogen
4.
What are opportunistic pathogens?
Answer: Pathogens who cause disease in patients with a low immune defense. In normal condition these pathogens can not cause disease.
5.
What are primary pathogens?
Answer: Pathogens that can cause disease in healthy people
Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
What is the definition of a reservoir?
Answer: a place where pathogens can grow and accumulate
2.
What are the three types of reservoirs?
Answer: - humans - animals - nonliving
3.
What are the three types of transmission?
Answer: - contact - vehicle - vector
4.
What are the three types of contact transmission?
Answer: Direct, indirect and droplet
5.
What are the two types of vector transmission and explain them?
Answer: - mechanical: body parts of the vector are contaminated - biologival: through a bite of the vector
Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
What sugar molecules is peptidoglycan composed of?
Answer: NAG and NAM
2.
What is the primary component of the bacterial cell wall?
Answer: peptidoglycan
3.
What is the cytoplasmic phase of building the cell wall?
Answer: NAG/NAM building blocks are formed in the cytoplasm
4.
What is the membrane-associated phase?
Answer: specific enzymes link the NAG and NAM subunits to the plasma membrane
5.
What is the extracytoplasmic phase?
Answer: joining together the peptidoglycan layers to form the foundation of the cell wall
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