Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
Phineas Gage Case Study (1848)
Answer: Railroad worker Phineas Gage suffered an iron pole through his left cheek, taking out of a large proportion of his left frontal lobe. Mark on his personality suggesting that the frontal lobe may be involved in regulating personality.
2.
Paul Broca (1880s)
Answer: Found a small area in the left frontal lobe responsible for speech production. Named it Broca’s area.
3.
Tulving et al (1994)
Answer: Semantic and episodic memories reside in different areas of the prefrontal cortex.
4.
Dougherty et al (2002)
Answer: 44 OCD patients who have gone under cingulotomy (neurological procedure). Post-surgical follow up 32 weeks later : ⅓ successful response, 14% partial response. Success suggests symptoms and behaviours associated with mental illness are localised.
5.
Lashley (1950)
Answer: Removed 10-15% of cortex of rats in a learning maze - no area appears to be more important in navigation than the other (opposes localisation approach)
6.
Petersen et al (1998)
Answer: Brain scans to demonstrate how Wernicke\'s area active during listening task and Broca\'s area during reading task
7.
Gopnick et al (1999)
Answer: Synaptic connections peak at ages 2-3 with around 15,000 connections.
8.
Maguire et al (2000)
Answer: London taxi drivers brain’s having a development in posterior hippocampus associated with spatial and navigational skills. Longer they had the job, the more volume of grey matter.
9.
Draganski et al (2006)
Answer: Imaged brains of medical students three months before and after their exams. Learning-induced changes occurred in posterior hippocampus and parietal cortex as a result of the exam.
10.
Doidge (2007)
Answer: During brain recovery, secondary neural pathways “unmasked” or activated to enable functioning to continue, often in the same way as before.
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